Explain this page
Arphra AIPlain-English read on WEC Energy Group, Inc.’s valuationRatios & metrics
Profitability, returns on capital, growth, and credit — all derived from the historical income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow rows in our data warehouse.
Valuation multiples
Price- and EV-based multiples plus shareholder yields. Snapshot at each fiscal year-end from key_metrics (FMP).
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headline | |||||||||
| Market cap | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Enterprise value | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Multiples | |||||||||
| P / E | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| P / B | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / EBITDA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / Sales | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / FCF | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yields | |||||||||
| Earnings yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Free cash flow yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dividend yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Profitability
Margin structure across the last 5 fiscal years
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Margins | |||||||||
| Gross margin | +36.07% | +34.39% | +40.50% | +44.02% | +50.55% | +44.92% | +45.71% | +43.86% | +44.56% |
| Operating margin | +20.62% | +20.05% | +21.46% | +25.03% | +24.23% | +23.39% | +23.01% | +23.06% | +23.69% |
| EBITDA margin | +36.61% | +35.12% | +39.67% | +45.54% | +41.30% | +41.76% | +41.13% | +42.45% | +42.84% |
| EBIT margin | +23.69% | +23.42% | +25.45% | +29.79% | +26.21% | +27.40% | +27.69% | +26.85% | +27.59% |
| Pre-tax margin | +18.02% | +18.05% | +17.28% | +20.31% | +17.08% | +18.41% | +18.64% | +17.89% | +18.69% |
| Net margin | +15.65% | +14.68% | +14.99% | +17.77% | +15.90% | +16.16% | +15.95% | +16.32% | +16.08% |
| Cost structure | |||||||||
| Cost of revenue / sales | +63.93% | +65.61% | +59.50% | +55.98% | +49.45% | +55.30% | +56.00% | +53.95% | +54.59% |
| R&D intensity | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| SG&A intensity | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | +6.04% | +1.99% | +2.06% | +2.06% | +1.96% |
| Effective tax rate | +13.36% | +18.64% | +13.32% | +12.71% | +7.05% | +10.99% | +10.48% | +11.09% | +10.89% |
Returns on capital
ROE / ROA / ROC / ROIC over the relevant capital base, plus the 3-step DuPont decomposition of ROE.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Returns | |||||||||
| Return on equity (ROE) | +11.71% | +12.13% | +11.04% | +11.94% | +11.09% | +11.40% | +11.18% | +11.40% | +11.30% |
| Return on assets (ROA) | +3.34% | +3.37% | +3.03% | +3.23% | +3.02% | +3.15% | +3.04% | +3.10% | +3.15% |
| Return on capital (ROC) | +6.42% | +6.64% | +6.18% | +6.50% | +6.53% | +6.27% | +6.23% | +6.33% | +6.50% |
| Return on invested capital (ROIC) | +4.87% | +4.86% | +4.32% | +4.61% | +4.29% | +4.33% | +4.32% | +4.48% | +4.41% |
| Asset turnover | +21.33% | +22.92% | +20.24% | +18.16% | +19.02% | +19.47% | +19.09% | +18.99% | +19.58% |
| DuPont · ROE decomposition | |||||||||
| Net margin | +15.65% | +14.68% | +14.99% | +17.77% | +15.90% | +16.16% | +15.95% | +16.32% | +16.08% |
| Asset turnover (× revenue / assets) | +21.33% | +22.92% | +20.24% | +18.16% | +19.02% | +19.47% | +19.09% | +18.99% | +19.58% |
| Equity multiplier (× assets / equity) | +350.83% | +360.45% | +364.00% | +369.97% | +366.61% | +362.33% | +367.44% | +367.79% | +358.92% |
Activity & efficiency
Turnover ratios and days-outstanding — how efficiently the business converts assets and working capital into sales and cash.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnover | |||||||||
| Asset turnover | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.20 |
| Fixed-asset turnover | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.26 | — | — | — | — |
| Inventory turnover | 8.36 | 7.80 | 6.83 | 5.92 | 6.03 | — | — | — | — |
| Receivables turnover | 5.52 | 5.28 | 5.92 | 5.15 | 4.75 | — | — | — | — |
| Payables turnover | 5.29 | 5.26 | 5.90 | 4.23 | 4.25 | — | — | — | — |
| Days outstanding | |||||||||
| Days sales outstanding (DSO) | 66.09 | 69.16 | 61.70 | 70.85 | 76.82 | — | — | — | — |
| Days inventory outstanding (DIO) | 43.65 | 46.78 | 53.47 | 61.66 | 60.51 | — | — | — | — |
| Days payables outstanding (DPO) | 69.05 | 69.45 | 61.84 | 86.22 | 85.87 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash conversion cycle | 40.69 | 46.49 | 53.32 | 46.29 | 51.47 | — | — | — | — |
Cash flow quality
How well reported earnings translate into operating and free cash flow, plus reinvestment intensity.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating CF / Net income | 1.56 | 1.46 | 2.26 | 2.10 | 2.17 | 2.23 | 2.21 | 2.18 | 2.18 |
| FCF / Net income | -0.17 | -0.18 | 0.39 | 0.28 | -0.65 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| FCF margin | -2.65% | -2.65% | +5.91% | +5.01% | -10.39% | +0.18% | +0.17% | +0.17% | +0.17% |
| OCF margin | +24.44% | +21.47% | +33.94% | +37.35% | +34.48% | +36.11% | +35.18% | +35.53% | +34.98% |
| CapEx / Revenue | +27.09% | +24.12% | +28.03% | +32.34% | +44.88% | +34.53% | +35.75% | +34.53% | +35.65% |
| CapEx / D&A | 2.10 | 2.06 | 1.97 | 2.05 | 2.97 | — | — | — | — |
| Stock-based comp / Revenue | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | — | — | — | — |
Per-share & shareholder yield
EPS, book value, sales, cash flow and dividends per share — plus payout / retention.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPS · diluted | 4.11 | 4.45 | 4.22 | 4.83 | 4.83 | 5.60 | 6.00 | 6.49 | 7.01 |
| EPS · basic | 4.12 | 4.46 | 4.22 | 4.81 | 4.86 | 5.58 | 6.04 | 6.50 | 7.01 |
| Book value / share | 35.14 | 36.75 | 38.21 | 40.45 | 42.86 | 43.73 | 45.68 | 50.00 | 51.05 |
| Tangible BV / share | 25.48 | 27.09 | 28.44 | 30.69 | 31.78 | 43.73 | 45.68 | 50.00 | 51.05 |
| Sales / share | 26.29 | 30.36 | 28.15 | 27.17 | 29.89 | 30.85 | 32.04 | 34.92 | 35.88 |
| Operating CF / share | 6.43 | 6.52 | 9.55 | 10.15 | 10.31 | 11.14 | 11.27 | 12.41 | 12.55 |
| Free cash flow / share | -0.70 | -0.80 | 1.66 | 1.36 | -3.11 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| Dividends / share | 2.70 | 2.90 | 3.12 | 3.34 | 3.50 | 3.53 | 3.69 | 4.06 | 4.22 |
| Payout ratio | +65.68% | +65.13% | +73.84% | +69.10% | +73.65% | +70.74% | +72.22% | +71.23% | +73.18% |
| Retention ratio | +34.32% | +34.87% | +26.16% | +30.90% | +26.35% | +29.26% | +27.78% | +28.77% | +26.82% |
Growth
Year-over-year change for headline P&L lines, plus through-cycle CAGR
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 8y CAGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top-line | ||||||||||
| Revenue · YoY | — | +15.41% | -7.34% | -3.30% | +13.96% | +2.39% | +5.12% | +7.60% | +3.25% | +4.38% |
| Gross profit · YoY | — | +10.04% | +9.11% | +5.13% | +30.85% | -9.01% | +6.96% | +3.23% | +4.90% | +7.17% |
| Profit | ||||||||||
| Operating income · YoY | — | +12.20% | -0.84% | +12.83% | +10.32% | -1.16% | +3.40% | +7.85% | +6.04% | +6.20% |
| EBITDA · YoY | — | +10.71% | +4.68% | +11.00% | +3.35% | +3.54% | +3.53% | +11.06% | +4.19% | +6.45% |
| Net income · YoY | — | +8.28% | -5.42% | +14.67% | +1.96% | +4.07% | +3.71% | +10.12% | +1.70% | +4.73% |
| Operating | ||||||||||
| EBIT · YoY | — | +14.10% | +0.69% | +13.18% | +0.27% | +7.04% | +6.22% | +4.35% | +6.06% | +6.39% |
| R&D · YoY | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Per-share | ||||||||||
| EPS · diluted · YoY | — | +8.27% | -5.17% | +14.45% | 0.00% | +15.90% | +7.19% | +8.18% | +7.93% | +6.89% |
| EPS · basic · YoY | — | +8.25% | -5.38% | +13.98% | +1.04% | +14.73% | +8.32% | +7.67% | +7.78% | +6.87% |
Credit & leverage
Balance-sheet health + interest coverage + liquidity. Coverage ratios use period-end debt and trailing interest expense.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leverage | |||||||||
| Total debt | $15.59B | $17.37B | $18.8B | $20.33B | $22.31B | $23.2B | $23.92B | $25.08B | $26.04B |
| Net debt | $15.57B | $17.34B | $18.76B | $20.32B | $22.29B | $23.17B | $23.89B | $25.05B | $26B |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 5.12 | 5.14 | 5.32 | 5.19 | 5.51 | 5.53 | 5.51 | 5.20 | 5.18 |
| Debt / equity | 1.40 | 1.50 | 1.56 | 1.59 | 1.59 | 1.63 | 1.59 | 1.54 | 1.56 |
| Debt / assets | +39.99% | +41.48% | +42.78% | +42.92% | +43.31% | +45.02% | +43.29% | +41.97% | +43.51% |
| Equity / assets | +28.50% | +27.74% | +27.47% | +27.03% | +27.28% | +27.60% | +27.22% | +27.19% | +27.86% |
| Coverage | |||||||||
| EBITDA / interest expense | 6.46 | 6.54 | 4.85 | 4.80 | 4.52 | 4.57 | 4.57 | 4.88 | 4.86 |
| Operating income / interest | 3.64 | 3.74 | 2.62 | 2.64 | 2.65 | 2.56 | 2.56 | 2.65 | 2.69 |
| Interest expense | $471.1M | $515.1M | $727.4M | $815.3M | $895.1M | $916.5M | $949.54M | $988.27M | $1.03B |
| Liquidity | |||||||||
| Current ratio | 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.55 | 0.60 | 0.47 | — | — | — | — |
| Quick ratio | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.34 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash ratio | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | — | — | — |
| Working capital | -$1.1B | -$1.42B | -$2.32B | -$1.93B | -$3.28B | — | — | — | — |
| Working capital / revenue | -13.18% | -14.83% | -26.08% | -22.44% | -33.47% | — | — | — | — |
Methodology. ROE / ROA / ROC use period-end balance-sheet denominators (no average-of- period smoothing). ROIC = Operating Income × (1 − inferred effective tax rate) over invested capital, with the effective tax inferred from net-to-operating income when both are positive and a 25% default otherwise. Net debt / EBITDA, debt ratios, and interest-coverage ratios are calculated point-in-time at each fiscal year-end. TTM = trailing 4 quarters (income / cash flow summed, balance sheet = most-recent quarterly snapshot). Through-cycle CAGR in the Growth panel uses the geometric mean of first-to-last period growth across the window (positive values only).