Ratios & metrics
Profitability, returns on capital, growth, and credit — all derived from the historical income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow rows in our data warehouse.
Valuation multiples
Price- and EV-based multiples plus shareholder yields. Snapshot at each fiscal year-end from key_metrics (FMP).
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2020 | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headline | |||||||||
| Market cap | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Enterprise value | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Multiples | |||||||||
| P / E | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| P / B | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / EBITDA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / Sales | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / FCF | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yields | |||||||||
| Earnings yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Free cash flow yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dividend yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Profitability
Margin structure across the last 5 fiscal years
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2020 | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Margins | |||||||||
| Gross margin | +12.17% | +14.17% | +16.66% | +11.98% | +85.37% | +38.81% | +37.78% | +37.07% | +38.90% |
| Operating margin | +3.03% | +5.63% | +8.89% | +5.05% | +3.55% | +5.89% | +5.94% | +6.01% | +5.93% |
| EBITDA margin | +6.55% | +8.27% | +11.78% | +9.69% | +8.60% | +9.75% | +9.97% | +9.89% | +9.99% |
| EBIT margin | +3.02% | +5.18% | +8.90% | +5.30% | +3.73% | +5.82% | +6.11% | +5.91% | +6.01% |
| Pre-tax margin | +2.75% | +5.46% | +8.76% | +4.98% | +3.36% | +5.65% | +5.67% | +5.70% | +5.53% |
| Net margin | +2.10% | +4.05% | +6.68% | +3.99% | +2.64% | +4.50% | +4.32% | +4.42% | +4.56% |
| Cost structure | |||||||||
| Cost of revenue / sales | +87.83% | +85.83% | +83.34% | +88.02% | +14.63% | +62.69% | +60.99% | +61.07% | +63.44% |
| R&D intensity | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| SG&A intensity | +8.25% | +7.65% | +6.91% | +3.63% | +2.88% | +4.52% | +4.58% | +4.48% | +4.55% |
| Effective tax rate | +23.46% | +25.74% | +23.72% | +19.92% | +21.50% | +21.29% | +21.74% | +21.77% | +22.48% |
Returns on capital
ROE / ROA / ROC / ROIC over the relevant capital base, plus the 3-step DuPont decomposition of ROE.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2020 | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Returns | |||||||||
| Return on equity (ROE) | +6.35% | +12.79% | +22.31% | +10.25% | +6.15% | +12.49% | +11.93% | +12.06% | +12.02% |
| Return on assets (ROA) | +3.49% | +7.04% | +12.32% | +5.71% | +3.63% | +6.89% | +6.40% | +6.81% | +6.85% |
| Return on capital (ROC) | +7.11% | +14.23% | +23.14% | +9.60% | +6.38% | +12.26% | +12.46% | +12.51% | +12.02% |
| Return on invested capital (ROIC) | +4.94% | +10.24% | +17.40% | +7.58% | +4.73% | +9.38% | +9.06% | +9.20% | +9.24% |
| Asset turnover | +166.03% | +173.65% | +184.30% | +143.14% | +137.58% | +152.86% | +148.18% | +154.09% | +150.01% |
| DuPont · ROE decomposition | |||||||||
| Net margin | +2.10% | +4.05% | +6.68% | +3.99% | +2.64% | +4.50% | +4.32% | +4.42% | +4.56% |
| Asset turnover (× revenue / assets) | +166.03% | +173.65% | +184.30% | +143.14% | +137.58% | +152.86% | +148.18% | +154.09% | +150.01% |
| Equity multiplier (× assets / equity) | +181.83% | +181.85% | +181.15% | +179.61% | +169.53% | +181.42% | +186.48% | +177.04% | +175.57% |
Activity & efficiency
Turnover ratios and days-outstanding — how efficiently the business converts assets and working capital into sales and cash.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2020 | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnover | |||||||||
| Asset turnover | 1.66 | 1.74 | 1.84 | 1.43 | 1.38 | 1.53 | 1.48 | 1.54 | 1.50 |
| Fixed-asset turnover | 4.87 | 5.82 | 6.02 | 4.18 | 4.05 | — | — | — | — |
| Inventory turnover | 2298.06 | 1658.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Receivables turnover | 6.72 | 6.01 | 7.42 | 6.96 | 6.66 | — | — | — | — |
| Payables turnover | 10.76 | 8.55 | 12.91 | 10.59 | 2.06 | — | — | — | — |
| Days outstanding | |||||||||
| Days sales outstanding (DSO) | 54.32 | 60.76 | 49.22 | 52.42 | 54.79 | — | — | — | — |
| Days inventory outstanding (DIO) | 0.16 | 0.22 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Days payables outstanding (DPO) | 33.92 | 42.69 | 28.27 | 34.48 | 176.97 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash conversion cycle | 20.56 | 18.28 | 20.95 | 17.94 | -122.18 | — | — | — | — |
Cash flow quality
How well reported earnings translate into operating and free cash flow, plus reinvestment intensity.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2020 | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating CF / Net income | 2.38 | 1.47 | 1.28 | 2.52 | 1.87 | 1.74 | 1.80 | 1.81 | 1.73 |
| FCF / Net income | 0.81 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 1.68 | 1.38 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.08 |
| FCF margin | +1.71% | +2.83% | +4.48% | +6.71% | +3.64% | +5.08% | +4.84% | +5.03% | +4.91% |
| OCF margin | +5.00% | +5.97% | +8.58% | +10.05% | +4.93% | +7.86% | +7.78% | +8.01% | +7.89% |
| CapEx / Revenue | +3.30% | +3.14% | +4.10% | +3.33% | +1.29% | +2.92% | +2.98% | +2.94% | +2.82% |
| CapEx / D&A | 0.93 | 1.02 | 1.43 | 0.76 | 0.26 | — | — | — | — |
| Stock-based comp / Revenue | +0.49% | +0.47% | +0.38% | +0.51% | +0.49% | — | — | — | — |
Per-share & shareholder yield
EPS, book value, sales, cash flow and dividends per share — plus payout / retention.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2020 | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPS · diluted | 1.10 | 2.53 | 5.32 | 2.62 | 1.70 | 1.44 | 2.04 | 2.48 | 3.66 |
| EPS · basic | 1.11 | 2.56 | 5.37 | 2.65 | 1.72 | 1.46 | 2.08 | 2.51 | 3.68 |
| Book value / share | 17.26 | 19.77 | 23.83 | 25.56 | 27.69 | 22.73 | 24.52 | 26.80 | 30.08 |
| Tangible BV / share | 7.24 | 8.36 | 11.51 | 9.32 | 9.99 | 22.73 | 24.52 | 26.80 | 30.08 |
| Sales / share | 52.11 | 62.44 | 79.57 | 65.71 | 64.58 | 63.04 | 67.74 | 73.10 | 79.23 |
| Operating CF / share | 2.61 | 3.73 | 6.83 | 6.60 | 3.18 | 4.95 | 5.27 | 5.85 | 6.25 |
| Free cash flow / share | 0.89 | 1.77 | 3.56 | 4.41 | 2.35 | 3.20 | 3.28 | 3.68 | 3.89 |
| Dividends / share | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.49 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.21 |
| Payout ratio | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | +29.08% | +5.54% | +5.76% | +5.91% | +5.70% |
| Retention ratio | +100.00% | +100.00% | +100.00% | +100.00% | +70.92% | +94.46% | +94.24% | +94.09% | +94.30% |
Growth
Year-over-year change for headline P&L lines, plus through-cycle CAGR
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2020 | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 8y CAGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top-line | ||||||||||
| Revenue · YoY | — | +21.08% | +26.18% | -21.31% | -6.10% | -3.04% | +7.75% | +7.47% | +8.82% | +4.10% |
| Gross profit · YoY | — | +40.95% | +48.34% | -43.38% | +568.88% | -55.92% | +4.89% | +5.46% | +14.16% | +20.37% |
| Profit | ||||||||||
| Operating income · YoY | — | +125.33% | +99.08% | -55.29% | -33.90% | +60.60% | +8.62% | +8.74% | +7.52% | +13.24% |
| EBITDA · YoY | — | +52.72% | +79.81% | -35.30% | -16.59% | +9.87% | +10.20% | +6.59% | +9.86% | +9.73% |
| Net income · YoY | — | +133.11% | +108.16% | -53.07% | -37.93% | +65.76% | +3.24% | +10.03% | +12.39% | +14.68% |
| Operating | ||||||||||
| EBIT · YoY | — | +107.96% | +116.83% | -53.17% | -33.97% | +51.38% | +13.24% | +3.89% | +10.71% | +13.47% |
| R&D · YoY | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Per-share | ||||||||||
| EPS · diluted · YoY | — | +130.00% | +110.28% | -50.75% | -35.11% | -15.44% | +41.83% | +21.50% | +47.75% | +16.21% |
| EPS · basic · YoY | — | +130.63% | +109.77% | -50.65% | -35.09% | -15.23% | +42.38% | +20.95% | +46.37% | +16.14% |
Credit & leverage
Balance-sheet health + interest coverage + liquidity. Coverage ratios use period-end debt and trailing interest expense.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2020 | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leverage | |||||||||
| Total debt | $330.47M | $334.9M | $451.74M | $575.52M | $508.51M | $458.12M | $471.5M | $503.28M | $550.59M |
| Net debt | $205.96M | $175.11M | $165.1M | $388.25M | $410.26M | $300.77M | $298.72M | $320.32M | $356.49M |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 0.90 | 0.50 | 0.26 | 0.95 | 1.21 | 0.81 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.74 |
| Debt / equity | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.30 |
| Debt / assets | +15.70% | +13.74% | +15.59% | +19.60% | +17.73% | +18.30% | +16.95% | +17.50% | +17.13% |
| Equity / assets | +55.00% | +54.99% | +55.20% | +55.68% | +58.99% | +55.12% | +53.62% | +56.48% | +56.96% |
| Coverage | |||||||||
| EBITDA / interest expense | 23.51 | 47.92 | 83.82 | 30.30 | 23.48 | 35.86 | 35.13 | 36.83 | 35.20 |
| Operating income / interest | 10.86 | 32.66 | 63.25 | 15.80 | 9.70 | 21.66 | 20.91 | 22.37 | 20.92 |
| Interest expense | $9.75M | $7.3M | $7.51M | $13.44M | $14.46M | $10.4M | $11.7M | $11.9M | $13.68M |
| Liquidity | |||||||||
| Current ratio | 1.27 | 1.30 | 1.53 | 1.29 | 1.33 | — | — | — | — |
| Quick ratio | 1.22 | 1.26 | 1.46 | 1.20 | 1.19 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash ratio | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.41 | 0.28 | 0.17 | — | — | — | — |
| Working capital | $143.73M | $207.22M | $364.93M | $191.04M | $188.85M | — | — | — | — |
| Working capital / revenue | +4.11% | +4.90% | +6.83% | +4.55% | +4.79% | — | — | — | — |
Methodology. ROE / ROA / ROC use period-end balance-sheet denominators (no average-of- period smoothing). ROIC = Operating Income × (1 − inferred effective tax rate) over invested capital, with the effective tax inferred from net-to-operating income when both are positive and a 25% default otherwise. Net debt / EBITDA, debt ratios, and interest-coverage ratios are calculated point-in-time at each fiscal year-end. TTM = trailing 4 quarters (income / cash flow summed, balance sheet = most-recent quarterly snapshot). Through-cycle CAGR in the Growth panel uses the geometric mean of first-to-last period growth across the window (positive values only).